The genitourinary tract in males includes the kidneys, ureters, urethra, penis…

ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) is an advanced endoscopic…

A competent orthodontist must attempt to either increase arch length or decrease tooth…

Multiple myeloma is a disease that affects the bone marrow of the bones and is a cancer of…

Facial granulomas are a well-known consequence of many facial soft…

A granuloma is a lesion that is characterized by specific microscopic findings that…

Typically, patients who undergo knee arthroscopy for a medial meniscus tear recover…

Renal transplantation is the standard of care for those patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who…

The placement of a ureteric stent is not unusual in transplant surgery. Surgeons…

A contusion involving his occipital lobes or another part of the post-chiasmal visual…

Superficial peroneal nerve injury is a common sequelum of inversion injuries…

Increasing the amount of energy delivered during laser hair removal is a common….

Glaucoma causes progressive, chronic damage to the optic nerve called glaucomatous optic…

Examination of the pupil function is part of a complete eye exam and an…

Epithelial ingrowth is migration of ocular surface cells called epithelial cells…

A cataract is a clouding of our natural crystal lens that can obscures vision. It may progress…

Visual field testing is functional testing, assessing both peripheral and central…

Hyperthermia is defined as elevation of the body core temperature above 37.5 degrees…

Appendicitis is an infectious inflammation of the appendix, a small piece of tissue…

Once a squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is diagnosed, the treatment is based on…