The Emergency Severity Index (ESI) is a five-level emergency department triage algorithm that provides a clinical stratification of patients…

Ribs and clavicles are necessary as part of the framework for normal breathing.

The skin is composed of multiple layers of cells. A burn injury to the skin affects the surface first and, as the burn gets more severe, it penetrates deeper into the layers of the skin. 

Shortness of breath when laying down is a common heart failure symptom that results from increased lung congestion of the lungs caused by the shift of fluids from the legs to the torso.

Dilated cardiomyopathy refers to the heart being dilated and enlarged with the pump function substantially weakened.

Seromas can develop after both open and laparoscopic hernia repairs.  It is required to describe this common complication to the patient during the informed consent process.

General surgical residency training can range from five to seven years depending on whether the resident seeks to perform research.

Hernias and bulges that result from TRAM surgery are difficult problems to manage.

Meralgia paresthetica is a condition characterized by paresthesia, numbness, or pain the outer aspect of the thigh because of compression of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve.

Failed back surgery syndrome (i.e., post-laminectomy syndrome) is defined as chronic pain following lumbar surgical procedures.

The lumbar discs are the cushioning between adjacent lumbar vertebral bones. 

As part of the aging process, degeneration occurs in the lumbar region and is referred to as lumbar spondylosis. 

The human coagulation pathway (blood clotting system) is a complex and delicate balancing act between proteins in the bloodstream that…

Correct determination of the cause and manner of death is only rarely taught in medical training and, as a result, misclassification is common.

Tourniquets are commonly used in podiatric surgery to provide hemostasis and a bloodless surgical field.

Stroke symptoms indicate focal brain ischemia, which is inadequate blood supply that can lead to permanent cell death from infarction.

EtCO2 is a measure of exhaled carbon dioxide. In the cardiac arrest setting, this measurement is taken via a sensor attached to the endotracheal tube.

Based on the AHA/ILCOR 2015 guidelines, chest compressions in CPR should be performed with minimal and brief interruptions for defibrillation and change of rescuer.

Ventricular fibrillation is a common life-threatening and treatable dysrhythmia that occurs early in sudden cardiac death.

Failing to treat subacute bacterial endocarditis or treating it insufficiently, e.g., with an inadequate antibiotic regimen, will lead to…