Neurology Scope: Conditions, Diseases, Treatments, and Procedures
Neurology is a medical specialty that focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of disorders of the nervous system. This includes the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. Neurologists are specially trained to evaluate and treat diseases of the nervous system including stroke, epilepsy, movement disorders, multiple sclerosis, neuromuscular diseases, headache disorders, neurodegenerative diseases and others.
The scope of neurology encompasses both the diagnosis and treatment of neurological conditions. Neurologists use a variety of diagnostic tests to identify and evaluate neurological disorders. These tests include imaging such as MRI or CT scans, blood and urine tests, electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyography (EMG), and other laboratory tests. Neurologists also rely on physical exams and patient history to diagnose neurological disorders.
Once a diagnosis is made by a neurologist, they may prescribe medications to treat the disorder or refer patients to specialists for further evaluation and treatment. Depending on the condition, treatment options may include physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech therapy and surgery. In addition, neurologists may provide lifestyle guidance to help patients manage their condition.
Neurologists are also responsible for providing preventive care such as vaccinations against infectious diseases such as meningitis and administering electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for certain mental health conditions.
Qualifications, Training, and Certifications
To become a neurologist, a physician must complete a one-year internship followed by a three-year residency in neurology. This residency includes clinical rotations in both adult and pediatric neurology.
Many neurologists pursue additional certifications or specializations in specific areas such as vascular neurology (stroke) or neuromuscular disorders. After completing their residency, many neurologists also seek board certification from the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (ABPN). This certification indicates that the neurologist has completed the required training and passed the board's examinations.
Related Medical Specialties to Neurology
Although neurologists are experts in their field, they often work closely with other medical professionals to provide comprehensive care for their patients.
Neurosurgeons are specially trained surgeons who perform surgeries related to the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. They often work in partnership with neurologists to diagnose and treat neurological conditions.
Neuropsychologists are specialized psychologists that focus on brain-behavior relationships. They assess and treat cognitive, behavioral, emotional and social problems related to neurological conditions.
Physiatrists specialize in physical medicine and rehabilitation. Physiatrists use a combination of medication, physical therapy and psychotherapy to help patients improve their mobility and functioning following injury or illness.
Neuroradiologists specialize in medical imaging of the nervous system. They use imaging such as MRI or CT scans to diagnose neurological conditions.
Neuromuscular specialists are specially trained physicians who treat diseases that affect the muscles, peripheral nerves and neuromuscular junction. This includes conditions such as myasthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy and neuropathy.