The magnitude, direction and abruptness of a force on the spine affect whether it will cause pathology. With regard to…

The spinal cord is the nerve tissue connecting the brain to the peripheral nervous system. It exists within…

Well-documented risk factors for cardiovascular disease include hypertension, high cholesterol…

The most common symptoms of lung cancer are chronic and/or worsening cough, shortness of breath with exertion…

Lung cancer is the most common fatal malignancy among both men and women in the United States. Its peak incidence is…

Imaging in lung cancer is far from perfect. A chest x-ray cannot distinguish lung cancer from a…

The ability of a cancer to be treated surgically with a complete resection for potential cure is…

There are two major types of lung cancer -- small cell and non-small cell. Both of these are…

The accessory nerve controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles which…

Biopsy can be completed via fine needle aspiration (FNA), sonographically guided…

Lymphadenopathy refers to lymph nodes that are abnormal in size, consistency, or number. Lymph nodes are generally…

Permissive hypotension is an accepted principle in the management of a trauma patient in hemorrhagic shock and can be…

Organ perfusion and function is dependent on adequate intravascular volume. Adequate coronary artery…

Class III shock occurs when 1500-2000 cc of blood are lost. Standard of care is to…

A tension pneumoperitoneum occurs when air becomes trapped within the…

During this preparation, the patient drinks a large volume of polyethylene glycol solution…

Fabry disease is a genetic enzyme (alpha-galactosidase A) deficiency leading to accumulation…

Patients who have had joint replacement surgery are prone to get postoperative…

Chemical agents used for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia vasodilate…

Contusion of the heart usually occurs as a result of a direct blow to the sternum and is…