Neurosurgery (a/k/a neurological surgery) is the specialty concerned with the surgical care and treatment of diseases, injuries and disorders of the nervous system, including brain, spine and spinal cord, and other parts of the nervous system. The specialty field of neurosurgery involves the neurosurgical diagnosis, assessment, care, and treatment of patients with nervous system disorders, including diseases, disorders, abnormalities, injuries and tumors of the brain, spinal cord, meninges (membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord), and peripheral nerves as well as of the blood vessels that supply the brain (such as aneurysms which are bulges in a weak point of an artery) and bleeding inside the skull. It also includes the neurosurgical diagnosis, assessment, care, and treatment of patients with cervical spinal disc disease, disorders, abnormalities, injuries, and tumors, as well as some birth defects (such as hydrocephalus and spina bifida), certain types of epilepsy, and peripheral nerve damage or involvement caused by illness or accidents.
Neurosurgery medical expert witness specialties include neurosurgery, neurology, critical care, orthopaedic spine surgery, anesthesiology, (medical) genetics, pediatric neurology, radiology, and neuroradiology.