Neuropsychology is a subfield of psychology that combines the understanding of the structure and function of the brain with psychological principles. Neuropsychologists specialize in diagnosing, treating, and/or evaluating a range of neurological and/or psychological conditions and diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, epilepsy, and addiction.
Scope: Conditions, Diseases, Treatments, and Procedures
Neuropsychologists employ a range of assessment tools to diagnose neurological conditions, such as cognitive tests, interviews, and physical exams. Once a diagnosis has been made, neuropsychologists develop individualized treatment plans that may involve psychiatric referral for medication, therapies, or lifestyle changes. They may also provide counseling and support to help individuals manage their condition and cope with the limitations imposed by their condition.
Neuropsychologists also conduct research into the causes and effects of neurological disorders, educational programs related to brain injuries and other neurological conditions, and perform forensic evaluations for legal proceedings.
Qualifications, Training, and Certifications
Becoming a neuropsychologist requires significant commitment and dedication. Individuals must possess a degree in psychology, neuroscience, or another related field. After completing their degree, they must complete a post-doctoral fellowship program that involves clinical practice and research in neurological disorders. They must also complete additional coursework and training in the specialty area of neuropsychology.
To pursue a career in the field, individuals can obtain board certification from the American Board of Clinical Neuropsychology (ABCN). This certification is not mandatory but is highly recommended. The ABCN offers both specialty certifications and general certifications.
Related Medical Specialties to Neuropsychology
Neuropsychology is closely related to a variety of medical specialties. The most closely related specialties are neurology, pediatric neurology, and psychology. Neuropsychologists may work with neurologists to diagnose and treat neurological disorders. Neuropsychologists also may collaborate closely with psychiatrists, physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech-language pathologists, nutritionists, and social workers.
Medical-Legal Cases Involving Neuropsychology
Neuropsychologists play a critical role in medical-legal cases involving neurological conditions. These cases can provide valuable insights into the relationship between brain structure and function, as well as the effects of brain injuries or diseases on an individual’s behavior.
Neuropsychologists may be called upon to conduct assessments or provide testimony in cases related to personal injury, criminal, or other legal proceedings. For instance, in personal injury cases, a neuropsychologist may evaluate the extent of an individual’s cognitive impairment following a traumatic brain injury, which would help determine the level of compensation that should be awarded to the individual. They may also be called upon to assess the impact of a brain injury on an individual’s ability to work, participate in daily activities, and maintain relationships.
In criminal cases, a neuropsychologist may be asked to evaluate an individual’s capacity to understand their actions or comprehend the consequences of their actions. This is known as competency evaluation, and it may be used in determining an individual’s guilt or innocence. Additionally, neuropsychologists may be involved in cases related to testamentary capacity or financial exploitation, where they may evaluate an individual’s cognitive and decision-making abilities.
Neuropsychologists may also be called upon to provide expert testimony in civil litigation cases. For example, they may be asked to provide testimony regarding an individual’s ability to perform certain job duties due to a neurological condition such as dementia or a traumatic brain injury. They may also assess the impact of a neurological condition on an individual’s ability to care for themselves or others.